USGS - science for a changing world

Oregon Water Science Center

Columbia River Basalt Stratigraphy in the Pacific Northwest

In Cooperation with the Oregon Water Resources Department

Home

Background

Stratigraphy

CRBG Stratigraphic Nomenclature Chart

Importance of Understanding CRBG Stratigraphy

Sources of Information

Data

Acknowledgements

Related Links

Contact
Terrence Conlon
(503) 251-3232

Bibliography

Anderson, J.L., 1987, The structure and ages of deformation of a portion of the southwest Columbia Plateau, Washington and Oregon: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Ph.D. dissertation, 272 p.

Bailey, M.M., 1989, Revisions to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Picture Gorge Basalt Subgroup, Columbia River Basalt Group, in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 67-84.

Bauer, H.H., and Vaccaro, J.J., 1990, Estimates of ground-water recharge to the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, for predevelopent and current land-use conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4108, 37 p.

Beeson, M.H., and Moran, M.R., 1979 Columbia River Basalt Group stratigraphy in western Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 11-14.

Beeson, M.H. and Tolan, T.L., 1990, The Columbia River Basalt Group in the Cascade Range - a middle Miocene reference datum for structural analysis: American Geophysical Union Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19,547-19,559.

Beeson, M.H. and Tolan, T.L., 1996, Field trip guide to Columbia River Basalt intracanyon flows in western Oregon and Washington - Ginkgo, Rosalia, and Pomona flows: Cordilleran Section Meeting of the Geological Society of America, Portland, Oregon, 35 p.

Beeson, M.H. and Tolan, T.L., 2002, Basalt of Huntzinger, Asotin Member of the Saddle Mountains Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) identified in western Washington: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 5, p. 33.

Beeson, M.H., Perttu, R., and Perttu, J., 1979, The origin of the Miocene basalt of coastal Oregon and Washington; an alternative hypothesis: Oregon Geology, v. 41, no. 10, p. 159-166.

Beeson, M.H., Fecht, K.R., Reidel, S.P., and Tolan, T.L., 1985, Regional correlations within the Frenchman Springs Member of the Columbia River Basalt Group - new insights into middle Miocene tectonics of northwestern Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 47, no. 8, p. 87-96.

Beeson, M.H., Tolan, T.L., and Anderson, J.L., 1989, The Columbia River Basalt Group in western Oregon - geologic structures and others factors that controlled emplacement patterns, in, Reidel. S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and Tectonism in the Columbia River Flood-Basalt Province:  Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 223-246.

Bentley, R.D., 1977, Stratigraphy of the Yakima basalts and structural evolution of the Yakima ridges in the western Columbia Plateau, in Brown, E.H. and Ellis, R.C., eds., Geological Excursions in the Pacific Northwest: Western Washington University, p. 339-390.

Bentley, R.D., 1989, Geology and stratigraphy of the Columbia Hills area (Wood Gulch Report), in, Pacific Groundwater Group, Hydrogeologic characterization Rabanco Regional Landfill, Klickitat County, Washington: Consultant Report prepared for The Rabanco Regional Landfill Company, Appendix F, 16 p.

Bentley, R.D., Anderson, J.L., Campbell, N.P., and Swanson, D.A., 1980, Stratigraphy and structure of the Yakima Indian Reservation, with emphasis on the Columbia River Basalt Group: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-200, 86 p.

Burt, W.C., 1989, The hydrogeology of structurally complex basalts in Black Rock and Dry Creek Valleys, Washington: University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, M.S. thesis, 78 p.

Byerly, G., and Swanson, D.A., 1978, Invasive Columbia River basalt flows along the northwestern margin of the Columbia Plateau, north-central Washington: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 10, no. 3, p. 98.

Camp, V.E., 1981, Geologic studies of the Columbia Plateau; Part 2, Upper Miocene basalt distribution, reflecting source locations, tectonism, and drainage history in the Clearwater embayment, Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, Part 1, v. 92, no. 9, p. 669-678.

Chitwood, L.A., 1994, Inflated basalt lava – examples of processes and landforms from central and southeast Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 56, no. 1, p. 11-21.

Cline, D.R., and Collins, C.A., 1992, Groundwater-water pumpage from the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington and Oregon, for selected years during the period 1945-1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4085, 31 p.

Davies-Smith, A., Bolke, E.L., and Collins, C.A., 1988, Geohydrology and digital simulation of the ground-water flow system in the Umatilla Plateau and Horse Heaven Hills area, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4268, 72 p.

USDOE (U.S. Department of Energy), 1988, Site characterization plan, Reference Repository Location, Hanford Site, Washington - consultation draft: Washington, D.C., Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, DOE/RW-0164, v. 1 - 9.

Drost, B.W., and Whitman, K.J., 1986, Surficial geology, structure, and thickness of selected geohydrologic units in the Columbia Plateau, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4326.

Drost, B.W., Schurr, K.M., Ruppert, G.P., and Cox, S.E., 1989, Well data, surface-water discharges, and nitrate concentrations, February 1986-September 1987, in parts of the Pasco Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-38, 132 p.

Drost, B.W., Whiteman, K.J., and Gonthier, J.B., 1990, The geologic framework of the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4238, 10 p.

Fecht, K.R., Tallman, A.M., and Reidel, S.P., 1987, Paleodrainage history of the Columbia River system on the Columbia Plateau of Washington state - a summary, in, Schuster, J.E., ed., Selected papers on the geology of Washington: Washington Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources Bulletin 77, p. 219-248.

Finneamore, S.L., Self, S., and Walker, G.P.L., 1993, Inflation features in lava of the Columbia River basalts: American Geophysical Union EOS, v. 74, no. 43, p. 555.

Gephart, R.E., Arnett, R.C., Baca, R.G., Leonhart, L.S., Spane, F.A., Jr., 1979, Hydrologic studies within the Columbia Plateau, Washington  - an integration of current knowledge: Richland, Washington, Rockwell Hanford Operations, RHO-BWI-ST-5.

Gonthier, J.B., 1990, Geology, structure, and thickness of hydrostratigraphic units in part of the Columbia Plateau Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4001, 6 sheets.

Grolier, M.J., and Bingham, J.W., 1971, Geologic map and sections of part of Grant, Adams, and Franklin Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Series Map I-589, scale 1:62,500.

Grolier, M.J., and Bingham, J.W., 1978, Geology of parts of Grant, Adams, and Franklin Counties, east-central Washington: Washington State Division of Geology and Earth Resources Bulletin 71, 91 p.

Hagood, M.C., 1986, Structure and evolution of the Horse Heaven Hills in south-central Washington, RHO-BW-SA-344 P, 190 p., 1 pl.

Hansen, A.J., Jr., Vaccaro, J.J., and Bauer, H.H., 1994, Ground-water flow simulation of the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4187, 81 p.

Ho, A.M., 1999, Emplacement of a large lava flow – the Ginkgo flow of the Columbia River Basalt Group: University of Oregon, Eugene, Ph.D Dissertation, 188 p.

Ho, A.M., and Cashman, K.V., 1997, Temperature constraints on a flow of the Columbia River Basalt Group: Geology, v.  25, p. 403-406.

Hon, K., Kauahikaua, J., Denlinger, R., and Mackay, K, 1994, Emplacement and inflation of pahoehoe sheet flows - observations and measurements of active lava flows on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 351-370.

Hogenson, G., 1964, Geology and ground water of the Umatilla River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1620, 162 p.

Hon, K., Kauahikaua, J., Denlinger, R., and Mackay, K, 1994, Emplacement and inflation of pahoehoe sheet flows - observations and measurements of active lava flows on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 351-370.

Johnson, V.G., Graham, D.L., and Reidel, S.P., 1993, Methane in Columbia River basalt aquifers - isotopic and geohydrologic evidence for a deep coal-bed gas source in the Columbia Basin, Washington: The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 77, no. 7, p. 1192-1207.

Keszthelyi, L., and Self, S., 1996, Some thermal and dynamical considerations for the emplacement of long lava flows: American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on Long Lava Flows, Abstract Volume, p. 36-38.

Laval, W.N., 1956, Stratigraphy and structural geology of portions of south-central Washington: University of Washington, Seattle, Ph.D. dissertation, 208 p.

Lindberg, J.W., 1989, A numerical study of cooling joint width and secondary mineral infilling in four Grande Ronde Basalt flows of the central Columbia Plateau, Washington, in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 169-185.

Lite, K.E., Jr., and Grondin, G.H., 1988, Hydrogeology of the basalt aquifers near Mosier, Oregon - a ground water resources assessment: Oregon Department of Water Resources Ground Water Report, no. 33, 119 p.

Liveray, D.M., 1986, The hydrogeology of the upper Wanapum Basalt, upper Cold Creek Valley, Washington: Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, M.S. thesis, 159 p.

Long, P.E., and Wood, B.J., 1986, Structures, textures, and cooling histories of Columbia River basalt flows: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 1144-1155.

Long, P.E., Murphy, M.T., and Self, S., 1991, Time required to emplace the Pomona flow, Columbia River basalt: American Geophysical Union EOS, v. 72, no. 44, p. 602.

Lum, W.E., Smoot, J.L., and Ralston, D.R., 1990, Geohydrology and numerical model analysis of ground-water flow in the Pullman-Moscow area, Washington and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4103, 73 p.

Luzier, J.E., and Skrivan, J.A., 1975, Digital-simulation and projection of water-level declines in basalt aquifers of the Odessa-Lind area, east-central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2036, 56 p.

Luzier, J.E., Bingha, J.W., Burt, R.J., and Barker, R.A., 1968, Ground-water survey, Odessa-Lind area, Washington: Washington Division of Water Resources, Water-Supply Bulletin 36, 31 p.

Mackin, J.H., 1955, Geology and construction materials - Priest Rapids hydroelectric development, Columbia River, Washington: Grant County Public Utility District (No. 2), v. 3, appendix 3-A, 43 p.

Mackin, J.H., 1961, A stratigraphic section in the Yakima Basalt and Ellensburg Formation in south-central Washington: Washington Division of Mines and Geology Reports of Investigations 19, 45 p.

Mangan, M.T., Wright, T.L., Swanson, D.A., and Byerly, G.R., 1986, Regional correlations of Grande Ronde Basalt flows, Columbia River Basalt Group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 1300-1318.

McMillan, K., Long, P.E., and Cross, R.W., 1989, Vesiculation in Columbia River basalts, in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 157-168.

Moore, J.G., 1975, Mechanism of formation of pillow lava: American Scientist, v. 63, p. 269-277.

Moore, J.G., Phillips, R.L., Grigg, R.W., Peterson, D.W., and Swanson, D.A., 1973, Flow of lava into the sea, 1969-1971, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 537-546.

Murphy, M.T., Self, S., and Long, P.E., 1997, The lava-flow-front morphology and textures of the Columbia River basalt: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, p. 137.

Myers, C.W. and Price, S.M., eds., 1979, Geologic studies of the Columbia Plateau: A Status Report: RHO-BWI-ST-4, Rockwell Hanford Operations, Richland, Washington.

Myers, C.W. and Price, S.M., eds., 1981, Subsurface geology of the Cold Creek syncline: Rockwell Hanford Operations, Richland, Washington, RHO-BWI-ST-14.

Newcomb, R.C., 1959, Some preliminary notes on ground water in the Columbia River basalt: Northwest Science, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1-18.

Newcomb, R.C., 1961, Storage of ground water behind subsurface dams in the Columbia River basalt, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 238A, 15 p.

Newcomb, R.C., 1965, Geology and ground-water resources of the Walla Walla River Basin, Washington-Oregon: Washington Division of Water-Resources, Water-Supply Bulletin 21, 151 p.

Newcomb, R.C., 1969, Effect of tectonic structure on the occurrence of ground water in the basalt of the Columbia River Group of The Dalles area, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 383-C, 33 p.

Newcomb, R.C., 1971, Relationship of the Ellensburg Formation to the extension of the Dalles Formation in the area of Arlington and Shutler Flat, north-central Oregon: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, The Ore Bin, v. 33, no. 7,p. 133-142.

Newcomb, R.C., Strand, J.R., and Frank, F.J., 1972, Geology and groundwater characteristics of the Hanford Reservation of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 717, 78 p.

Oberlander, P.L., and Miller, D.W., 1981, Hydrologic studies in the Umatilla structural basin - an integration of current knowledge: Oregon Department of Water Resources, unpublished preliminary report, 41 p.

Packard, F.A., Hansen, A.J., Jr., and Bauer, H.H., 1996, Hydrogeology and simulation of flow and the effects of development alternatives on the basalt aquifers of the Horse Heaven Hills, south-central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4068, 92 p.

Pfaff, V.J., and  Beeson, M.H., 1989, Miocene basalt near Astoria, Oregon; geophysical evidence for Columbia Plateau origin, in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 143-156.

Price, C.E., 1960, Artificial recharge of a well tapping basalt aquifers, Walla Walla area, Washington: Washington Division of Water Resources, Water-Supply Bulletin 7, 50 p.

Price, E.H., 1982, Structural geology, strain distribution, and tectonic evolution of Umtanum Ridge at Priest Rapids Dam, and a comparison with other selected localities within the Yakima fold belt structures, south-central, Washington: Rockwell Hanford Operations, Richland, Washington, RHO-BWI-SA-138, 197 p.

Raisz, E., 1945, The Olympic-Wallowa Lineament: American Journal of Science, v. 243-a, p. 479-485.

Reidel, S.P., 1984, The Saddle Mountains - the evolution of an anticline in the Yakima fold belt: American Journal of Science, v. 284, p. 942-978.

Reidel, S.P., 1998, Emplacement of Columbia River flood basalt: American Geophysical Union Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 103, no. B11, p. 27,393-27,410.

 Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 247-264.

Reidel, S.P., and Tolan, T.L., 1992, Eruption and emplacement of a flood basalt - an example from the large-volume Teepee Butte Member, Columbia River Basalt Group: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 12, p. 1650-1671.

Reidel, S.P., Fecht, K.R., and Cross, R.W., 1982, Constraints on tectonic models for the Columbia Plateau from age and growth rates of Yakima Folds: Proceedings, 33rd Alaska Scientific Conference, Arctic Division, America Association for the Advancement of Science, v. 12, p. 131.

Reidel, S.P., Fecht, K.R., Hagood, M.C., and Tolan, T.L., 1989, The geologic evolution of the central Columbia Plateau, in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 247-264.

Reidel, S.P., Johnson, V.G., and Spane, F.A., 2002, Natural gas storage in basalt aquifers of the Columbia Basin, Pacific Northwest USA: a guide to site characterization, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

Reidel, S.P., Tolan, T.L., Hooper, P.R., Beeson, M.H., Fecht, K.R., Bentley, R.D., and Anderson, J.L., 1989b, The Grande Ronde Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group - stratigraphic descriptions and correlations in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 21-53.

Reidel, S.P., Tolan, T.L., and Beeson, M.H., 1994, Factors that influenced the eruptive and emplacement histories of flood basalt flows; a field guide to selected vents and flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group, in, Swanson, D.A., and Haugerud, R.A., eds., Geologic field trips in the Pacific Northwest: Seattle, Washington, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington Publication, v. 1, chp. 1B, p. 1-18.

Robison, J.H., 1971, Hydrology of basalt aquifers in the Hermiston-Ordnanace area, Umatilla and Morrow Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigation Atlas HA-387, 2 plates, scale 1:125,000.

Ross, M.E., 1989, Stratigraphic relationships of subaerial, invasive, and intracanyon flows of Saddle Mountains Basalt in the Troy Basin, Oregon and Washington, in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 131-142.

Schmincke, H.-U., 1964, Petrology, paleocurrents, and stratigraphy of the Ellensburg Formation and interbedded Yakima Basalt flows, south-central Washington: John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Ph.D. dissertation, 407 p.

Schmincke, H.-U., 1967, Stratigraphy and petrography of four upper Yakima Basalt flows in south-central Washington: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 78, p. 319-330.

Self, S., Finnemore, S.,  Thordarson, T., and Walker, G.P.L., 1991, Importance of compound lava and lava-rise mechanisms in emplacement of flood basalts: American Geophysical Union EOS, v. 72, no. 44, p. 566-567.

Self, S., Walker, G.P.L., and Thordarson, T., 1993, How are flood basalt lavas emplaced? – a case of the tortoise and the hare: IAVCEI Abstracts Volumn, Canberra, Australia, Meeting, p. 98.

Self, S., Thordarson, T., and Keszthelyi,L.,  1997, Emplacement of continental flood basalt flows, in, Mahoney, J.J., and Coffin, M.F., eds., Large igneous provinces: American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 100, p. 381-410.

Self, S., Thordarson, T., Keszthelyi, L., Walker, G.P.L., Hon, K., Murphy, M.T., Long, P.E., and Finnemore, S., 1996, A new model for the emplacement of Columbia River basalt as large, inflated pahoehoe lava sheets: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 23, p. 2689-2692.

Shaw, H.R., and Swanson, D.A., 1970, Eruption and flow rates of flood basalts, in, Gilmour, E.H., and Stradling, D., eds., Proceedings of the second Columbia River basalt symposium: Eastern Washington College Press, Cheney, Washington, p. 271-299.

Skrivan, J.A., 1987, Ground-water hydrology of Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4010, 47 p.

Smith, G.A., 1988, Neogene syntectonic and synvolcanic sedimentation in central Washington: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.100, p. 1479-1492.

Smith, G.A., Bjornstad, B.N., and Fecht, K.R., 1989, Neogene terrestrial sedimentation on and adjacent to the Columbia Plateau, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 187-198.

Snavely, P.D., Jr., MacLeod, N.S., and Wagner, H.C., 1973, Miocene tholeiitic basalt of coastal Oregon and Washington and their relationships to coeval basalt of the Columbia Plateau: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 387-424.

Steinkampf, W.C., 1989, Water quality characteristics of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System in parts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-467, 67 p.

Steinkampf, W.C., and Hearn, P.P., Jr., 1996, Ground-water geochemistry of the Columbia Plateau aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-467, 67 p.

Stoffel, K.L., 1984, Geology of the Grande Ronde lignite field, Asotin County, Washington: Washington Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources Report of Investigations 27, 79 p.

Strait, S.R., and Mercer, R.B., 1987, Hydraulic property data from selected test zones on the Hanford Site: Rockwell Hanford Operations, Richland, Washington, SD-BWI-DP-051, rev. 2,  31 p.

Swanson, D.A., 1973, Pahoehoe flows from the 1969-1971 Mauna Ulu eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 615-626.

Swanson, D.A., and Wright, T.L., 1978, Bedrock geology of the northern Columbia Plateau and adjacent areas, in, Baker, V.R., and Nummedal, D., eds., The Channeled Scablands - a guide to the geomorphology of the Columbia Basin, Washington: Washington, D.C., NASA Office of Space Science, Planetary Geology Program, p. 37-57.

Swanson, D.A., and Wright, T.L., 1981, The regional approach to studying the Columbia River Basalt Group, in, Subbarao, K.V., and Sukheswala, R.N., eds., Deccan Volcanism and related basalt provinces in other parts of the World: Geological Society of India Memoir No. 3, p. 58-80.

Swanson, D.A., Wright, T.L., and Helz, R.T., 1975, Linear vent systems and estimated rates of magma production and eruption for the Yakima Basalt on the Columbia Plateau: American Journal of Science, v. 275, p.877-905.

Swanson, D.A., Wright, T.L., Hooper, P.R., and Bentley, R.D., 1979, Revision in the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Columbia River Basalt Group: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1457-G, 59 p.

Swanson, D.A., Anderson, J.L., Bentley, R.D.,  Camp, V.E., Gardner, J.N., and Wright, T.L., 1979, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Columbia River Basalt Group in Washington and adjacent Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1363, scale 1:250,000.

Swanson, D.A., Wright, T.L., Camp, V.E., Gardner, J.N., Helz, R.T., Price, S.M., Reidel, S.P., and Ross, M.E., 1980, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Columbia River Basalt Group, Pullman and Walla Walla quadrangles, southeast Washington and adjacent Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1139, scale 1:250,000.

Swanson, D.A., Anderson, J.L., Camp, V.E., Hooper, P.R., Taubeneck, W.H., and Wright, T.L., 1981, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Columbia River Basalt Group, northern Oregon and western Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-797, scale 1:250,000.

Tanaka, H.H., Hansen, A.J., and Skrivan, J.A., 1974, Digital-model study of ground-water hydrology, Columbia Basin Irrigation Project area, Washington: Washington Department of Ecology, Water-Supply Bulletin 40, 60 p.

Tanaka, H.H., Barrett, G.T., and Wildrick, L., 1979, Regional basalt hydrology of the Columbia Plateau in Washington: Richland, Washington, Rockwell Hanford Operations, RHO-BWI-C-60, 303 p.

Thordarson, Th., and Self, S., 1993, The Laki (Skaftar Fires) and Grimsvotn eruptions in 1783-85: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 55, p. 233-263.

Tolan, T.L., and Beeson, M.H., 1984, Intracanyon flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the lower Columbia River Gorge and their relationship to the Troutdale Formation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, no.4, p. 463-477.

Tolan, T.L., and Reidel, S.P., compilers, 1989, Structure map of a portion of the Columbia River flood-basalt province, in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, Plate 1, scale 1:576,000.

Tolan, T.L., Reidel, S.P., Beeson, M.H., Anderson, J.L., Fecht, K.R., and Swanson, D.A., 1989, Revisions to the estimates of the areal extent and volume of the Columbia River Basalt Group, in,  Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 1-20.

Tribble, G.W., Underwater observations of active lava flows from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Geology, v. 19, no. 6, p. 633-636.

Vaccaro, J.J., 1991, Sensitivity of ground-water recharge estimates to climate variability and change, Ellensburg Basin, Columbia Plateau, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4001, 30 p.

Waters, A.C., 1961, Stratigraphic and lithologic variations in Columbia River Basalt: American Journal of Science, v. 259, p. 583-611.

Watters, T.R., 1989, Periodically spaced anticlines of the Columbia Plateau,  in, Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 283-292.

Wells, R.E., Simpson, R.W., Bentley, R.D., Beeson, M.H., Mangan, M.T., and Wright, T.L., 1989, Correlation of Miocene flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group from the central Columbia River Plateau to the coast of  Oregon and Washington, in,  Reidel, S.P., and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 239, p. 113-130.

Wozniak, K.C., 1995, Chapter 2 - Hydrogeology, in, Hydrogeology, groundwater chemistry, and land uses in the lower Umatilla Basin

Groundwater Management Area, northern Morrow and Umatilla Counties, Oregon - Final Review Draft: Salem, Oregon, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Report,

Wright, T.L., Mangan M.T., and Swanson, D.A., 1989, Chemical data for the flows and feeder dikes of the Yakima Basalt Subgroup, Columbia River Basalt Group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1821, 71 p.



Oregon Water Science Center Studies Page
Oregon Water Science Center Home Page

Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices

USA.gov logo U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey
URL: https://or.water.usgs.gov/proj/crbg/bibliography.html
Page Contact Information: Oregon Webteam
Page Last Modified: Thursday, 15-Dec-2016 19:27:49 EST