U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Concentrations of 15 trace elements in the <62-µm fraction of bed sediment from 47 sites in the Willamette Basin were evaluated as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program and two related projects. All studies used NAWQA sample collection, processing, and analysis protocols. The sites represent forested watersheds, watersheds with municipal and industrial point sources, and watersheds receiving nonpoint-source contributions from urban, agricultural, and mined areas. As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ag, and Zn concentrations were elevated in bed sediment from urban basins. For example, median Pb concentrations in urban basins were three to eight times those from basins with forested, agricultural, or mixed land use. Median Mn concentrations were greatest in agricultural basins, and the highest Se concentrations typically were found in forested basins. Maximum Hg and elevated Cu concentrations occurred downstream from historic mining activities. Concentrations of Sb, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, and V were not obviously related to land use. Of the 15 trace elements considered, eight (As, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Zn) exceeded the corresponding 95th percentiles for concentrations in western U.S. soils, four (Cr, Ni, Se, V) were about equal to their respective 95th-percentile concentrations in western U.S. soils, and three (Sb, Cd, Ag) had no distribution statistics from western U.S. soils for comparison.